Population Explosion
Population Explosion : Alarming growth of population is one of the most formidable problems India is facing today, and is seriously threateningits economic development. In 1921 Indian population was 25 crores. It reached 84 crores in 1991, crossed one billion mark with billionth India born on August 15, 1999 and is expected to jump to 1.4 billion by 2030 AD. The population explosion, though a worldwide phenomenon, poses a serious threat to India as it has to maintain 16.9% of world's population on only 2.4% of world's area. Present growth rate of 1.7% is much higher than world population growth rate of 1.3% which of great concern.
Various reasons attributed to this great increase in population in India are:
1. Substantial drop in death rate due to advances in medical sciences. But drop in birth rate is marginal. As a result of which gap between death rate and birth rate widened.
2. Universality of marriage : In India, marriage is universal to almost all men and women of marriageable age, as a result birth rate is much higher in India. Due to practice of early marriage, there is a longer span
3. for reproductivity.
4. Due to poverty, a poor man welcomes further additions to his family. He expects every member to earn and supplement family income.
No birth control : Till recently, the use of contraceptives had been practically unknown in India.
6. Existence of polygamy.
7. Tropical climate makes for early puberty. The expected growth of population and its possible impact over next fifty years are summarized. In order to overcome this problem of population explosion, a sound population policy is required with following objectives :
1/ Quick economic development and raising per capita income.
2. Integrating population planning with economic planning.
3. Death rate should be brought down further, as high death rate results in wastage of human energy
A. Significant reduction in birth rate, which is more fundamental and important that first by providing legal and fiscal motivations like rasing age of marriage, legalising abortion etc.
5. Planning of population must not aim merely at controlling rate of multiplication but it should also include improvement of quality of population as well by providing better facilities induction, health etc
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