Human Rights
Human Rights :
Human rights are the rights that human beings must enjoy on this earth. Although the foundation of human rights was laid in 13th century when resistance to religious intolerance, socio-economic restraints and scientific dogmas resulted in some revolts mainly due to the liberal thoughts of some philosophers.
The charter granted by King John of England in the year 1215 was seen as guaranteeing human rights against the excessive use of royal power. In the history, it is known as 'Magna Casta' However, true hopes for all people for happy, dignified and secure living conditions were raised with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UNDHR) by the UN on December 10, 1948. This delaration provided comprehensive protection to all individuals against all forms of injustic and human rights violations(The UNDHAR defines specific rights, civil, political, economic, social as well as cultural. It defines the rights to life, liberty, security, fair trail by law, freedom of thoughts, expression, conscience, association and freedom of movement.
It emphasizes right to equal pay for equal work, right to form and join trade unions, right to health care, education, adequate rest et Although the human rights are considered to be universal, there is a wide disparity between the developing and the developed countries. Population and poverty are often found to be the most important causes of violation of human rights.
The World Health Organisation estimate indicates that one out of every five persons in this world in malnourished and lacks clean drinking water, lacks proper hygenic conditions and adequate health facilities.
One out of three persons does not have enough fuel to cook or keep warm and one out of five persons is desperately poor for whom life is nothing but struggle for survival.
Every year 40 million people are dying due to consumption of contaminated drinking water. Under such conditions, a poor man feels that perhaps his child can earn something for himself or the family. For him, the merit of universal education and child labour prevention is of much less importance than his grim struggle for existence.
On the other hand, for the developed countries which have already attained a high stage of development in material and economic resources, the social and economic rights are not that Important as civiland political rights. Whereas, the reverse is true for the developing countries which dre struggling for life under conditions of extreme poverty, ignorance, illiteracy, malnutrition and
uiseases. For them civil and political rights carry little meaning. In June 1993, during the Vienna World Conference on Human Rights, the need for economic and social rights were considered as equal to the west's civil and political rights. Respect towards human rights is now considered to be one of the important criteria for giving development assistance to a country. In India, human right issues have mostly centred around slavery, bonded labour, women subordination, custodial deaths, violence against women and minorities, child abuse, dowry death, mass killings of dalits, torture arbitrary detentions etc.
There is a need to respect the human rights of all people in every nation for overall development and peace. As the right to development was defined, another aspect of human right related to environment emerged. After the earth summit 1992, the need for sustainable development was recognized. Soon after on May 16, 1994 at Geneva, the United
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