Discounting

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Principle of DIscounting

 A fundamental principle of economics which is used by almost all the persons In their dally Ilfe is that the worth of a rupee of tomorrow is lesser than that of a rupee of today. This principle is based on a well-known proverb, "A bird in hand is better than two in the bush" It means that a difference should be made between cash received at different times. Money recelved today could be invested to earn additional money immediately. On the other hand, an amount to be recelved after certain period of time could not be invested until it is received, therefore, It is less valuable than a rupee received today. Therefore, the time of receipt of amount should be duly taken into consideration in the solution of a particular problem. ) 

Example : 

Suppose you get an offer to make a choice between a gift of 1,000 today or 1,050 next year. Naturally, you will prefer to get 1,000 today for two reasons: (1) Future is always uncertain. So, there may be uncertainty in getting 1,050)lif the present opportunity is not availed of (i) The amount of ? 1,000 received today will carn interest for one year and thus, it will be more than 1,050. Therefore, the principle of discounting is véry important, particularly in investment decisions. 

Principle of Equimarginal : This principle is also known as the principle of maximum satisfaction. It is the most popular principle of economics. According to this principle, an input should be allocated in such a manner that the value added by the last unit of input is same in all uses. Thus, this principle provides a base for maximum exploitation of all the productive resources of a firm so that the profitability of the firm may be maximised. 

Example : Assume that there are 200 workers working in a firm and the firm is producing four types of product, i.e. Product A, Product B, Product C and Product D. All the products require the services of labour. The firm has allocated these workers on the production of these products on a certain basis. Firm can increase the production of any of these products, but to do so, the production of any other commodity will have to be reduced. If the firm decides to increase the production of product A, the production of either product B or product C or product D will have to be reduced. Labour should be shifted from low marginal value activity to the high marginal value activity so that the total value of all the products may be maximum

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चित्र
भारत में बेरोजगारी के आंकड़े नेशनल सैंपल संघटन द्वारा एकत्रित एवं प्रकाशित किय जाते है।  विश्व में चीन प्रथम राष्ट्र है जिसने आधिकारिक रूप से पारिवारिक कार्यक्रम नियोजन की अपनाया  निगम कर कंपनियों की आय पर लगाया जाता है  भारत की पहली जनगणना 1872 में की गई थी। योजना आयोग का उपाध्यक्ष कैबिनट मंत्री का दर्जा प्राप्त व्यक्ति होता है । वित विधेयक द्वारा सरकार वर्ष भर राजस्व एकत्र करने की व्यवसथा करती है । India brand equity fund  की स्थापना  1956 में की गई थी। मल्होत्रा समिटी का गठन बीमा क्षेत्र में सुधार के लिए सिफारिश देने के लिए किया जाता है। माह विभाजन  का वर्ष शब्द जनसंख्या के सन्दर्भ देने के लिए 1921 से बढ़ती जनसंख्या से प्रयोग किया जाता है।  Dwcra ग्रामीण क्षेत्र में महिला और बाल विकास कार्यक्रम से अभिप्राय है। घाटे कि वित्त व्यवस्था का अर्थ आगमन से अधिक खर्च करना  सम्पत्ति की अवधारणा में मानवीय सम्पत्ति को फ्रीडमैन ने सम्मिलित किया था । प्रबल प्रयास सिद्धांत आर रोड़ान से सबांधित है । भारत की द्वितीय योजना सोवियत मॉडल पर आधारित है कृ...
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