Major Teqnuicks For Plant Layout

Major Tecknuicks For Plant Layout

Major Techniques for Plant Layout: 

Following are the major techniques for plant fayout M. Process Flow Chart It is a graphic summary of all the activities to take place on fhe production floor of the plant. The study of this chart can reveal the operations that can he eliminated rearranged or simplified to achieve economy in production The inflexibility of layout can also ke ascertained from this chart. K. 

Process Flow Diagram: 

It is both a supplement and substitote of flow chart it exhibits long material hauls and back tracking of existing layouts indicating how the layout can be improved 3. Machine Data Cards This is ap effective method to provide necessary information for placement or layout of the equipment. (These cards are prepared for each marhine shewing its capacity, space and power requirements, handling needs and the corresponding dimensions V4. Twoor Three-Dimensional Replicas or 

Templates:

 The most common method of planning a layout is to make replicas of machines, racks, benches and the equipments and then arranging these on the two or three-dimensional plan of the floor space. 

(a) Two-Dimensional Plan or Templates The method consists of following steps

 () Scale drawing of the available floor space is drawn showing the positions of cotumne electrical fittings, power, water,gas elevators, rest rooms and other significant leatores

 (0) A layout plan is chalked out by positioning the machine replicas on the drawing

 (i) Plan is then critically examined with respect to work flow, atilisation of floor space availability of service facilities like tool sheds, stock rooms etc

 (iv) Alternative plans are drawn by rearranging the replicas and comparative evatuation is made to select the best  layout. Mb) Three-Dimensional Plan :Go have a better understanding about the depth height tc, of machines, scale or miniature models are constructed in place of temples. Here, one uses thing figures of men and machines like powers in the game of chess. The three dimensional models are expenSve but pravides clarity and vividness) The model of a layout can be made by studying the operations involved in the production ) Key operations are located 

(0) Locate main and minor gang ways. These should be preferred near the walls and not acroce the floor

 (6) Locate the subsidiary equipments viz. rubbish bins, telephones etc In a good layout packing department should be near to dispatching point whereas inspection place should be located near the windows for proper daylight In addition to this the following specific points should be kept in mind for the layont of machines ) Space occupied by a machine must include some overhang space for the travel of any part or for the movement of material. 

(m) Gangways must be adequate for the collection and delivery of material 

(m) Floors must be strong enough not only to carry the machine load but alsa to bear the load of semi-finished and finished goods 

() Servicing facilities and safety devices must be easily accessable. 

() Sufficient space around the machine must be provided so that operator can move freely to do his work 

5. Scale Models :

Chese models are small replicas of machines and equipment These three mensional models indicate the production process on a small-scale, Miniature scale models are tiny eures of machines and men. Models are constructed form cardboard, wood, metal sheet or plastie heegThese are used for complex Layouts involving costly initial investment.